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2012| October | Volume 136 | Issue 4
Online since
November 8, 2012
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CENTENARY REVIEW ARTICLE
Helicobacter pylori
infection in India from a western perspective
Selvi Thirumurthi, David Y Graham
October 2012, 136(4):549-562
PMID
:23168695
Helicobacter pylori
is a common bacterial infectious disease whose manifestations predominately affect the gastrointestinal tract. India is the prototypical developing country as far as
H. pylori
infection is concerned and more than 20 million Indians are estimated to suffer from peptic ulcer disease. Considering the high level of medical research and of the pharmaceutical industry, one would expect that India would be the source of much needed information regarding new therapies and approaches that remain effective in the presence of antimicrobial resistance, new methods to reliably prevent reinfection, and the development of therapeutic and preventive vaccines. Here we discuss
H. pylori
as a problem in India with an emphasis on
H. pylori
infection as a serious transmissible infectious disease. We discuss the pros and cons of eradication of
H. pylori
from the entire population and come down on the side of eradication. The available data from India regarding antimicrobial use and resistance as well as the effectiveness of various treatments are discussed. Rigorous ongoing studies to provide current regional antibiotic resistance patterns coupled with data concerning the success rate with different treatment regimens are needed to guide therapy. A systematic approach to identify reliably effective (
e.g.
, 90% or greater treatment success) cost-effective regimens is suggested as well as details of regimens likely to be effective in India.
H. pylori
is just one of the health care problems faced in India, but one where all the resources are on hand to understand and solve it.
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REVIEW ARTICLES
Men who have sex with men in India: A diverse population in need of medical attention
Viraj V Patel, Kenneth H Mayer, Harvey J Makadon
October 2012, 136(4):563-570
PMID
:23168696
A significant proportion of men engage in sexual relationships with other men which has direct health implications, but the unique health care needs of these patients are often ignored or overlooked. Moreover, due to a fear of stigmatization by the medical community, one of the more significant health risks for men who have sex with men (MSM) may be that they avoid routine or appropriate health care. Physicians and other providers can help overcome this barrier and improve the health care of MSM by keeping a non-judgmental attitude toward these patients, differentiating sexual behaviour from sexual identity, communicating with gender neutral terms, and maintaining awareness of how their own attitudes affect clinical judgment. The purpose of this article is to help contextualize health issues affecting MSM and provide a framework for physicians and other providers to deliver optimum and appropriate health care for men who have sex with men in India.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in India: A review
Joy Sarojini Michael, T Jacob John
October 2012, 136(4):599-604
PMID
:23168700
Background & objectives:
Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has become a new threat for the control of TB in many countries including India. Its prevalence is not known
in India
as there is no nation-wide surveillance. However, there have been some reports from various hospitals in the country.
Methods:
We have reviewed the studies/information available in the public domain and found data from 10 tertiary care centres in 9 cities in India.
Results:
A total of 598 isolates of XDR
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
have been reported in the studies included. However, the reliability of microbiological methods used in these studies was not checked and thus the XDR-TB data remained invalidated in reference laboratories.
Interpretation & conclusions:
Systematic surveillance and containment interventions are urgently needed.
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REVIEW ARTICLES
Oncolytic viruses & their specific targeting to tumour cells
Prafull K Singh, Juwar Doley, G Ravi Kumar, AP Sahoo, Ashok K Tiwari
October 2012, 136(4):571-584
PMID
:23168697
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. In spite of achieving significant successes in medical sciences in the past few decades, the number of deaths due to cancer remains unchecked. The conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy have limited therapeutic index and a plethora of treatment related side effects. This situation has provided an impetus for search of novel therapeutic strategies that can selectively destroy the tumour cells, leaving the normal cells unharmed. Viral oncotherapy is such a promising treatment modality that offers unique opportunity for tumour targeting. Numerous viruses with inherent anti-cancer activity have been identified and are in different phases of clinical trials. In the era of modern biotechnology and with better understanding of cancer biology and virology, it has become feasible to engineer the oncolytic viruses (OVs) to increase their tumour selectivity and enhance their oncolytic activity. In this review, the mechanisms by which oncolytic viruses kill the tumour cells have been discussed as also the development made in virotherapy for cancer treatment with emphasis on their tumour specific targeting.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Catastrophic health expenditure & coping strategies associated with acute coronary syndrome in Kerala, India
Meena Daivadanam, KR Thankappan, PS Sarma, S Harikrishnan
October 2012, 136(4):585-592
PMID
:23168698
Background & objectives:
India contributes a significant number of deaths attributed to coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to the rest of the world. Data on catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) related to acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the major cause of deaths in CAD, are limited in the literature. We estimated the magnitude of CHE and studied the strategies used to cope with CHE.
Methods:
Two hundred and ten ACS patients (mean age 56 yr, 83% men) were randomly selected proportionately from six hospitals in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India. Information on demographics, ACS-related out-of-pocket expenditure and coping strategies was collected using a pre-tested structured interview schedule. CHE, defined as ACS-related expenditures exceeding 40 per cent of a household's capacity to pay, was estimated using the World Health Organization methods. Health security was defined as protection against out-of-pocket expenditure through an employer or government provided social security scheme. Socio-demographic variables, effect on participants' employment, loans or asset sales for treatment purposes, health security coverage and type of treatment were considered as potential correlates of CHE. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the correlates of CHE.
Results:
CHE was experienced by 84 per cent (95% CI: 79.04, 88.96) of participants as a consequence of treating ACS. Participants belonging to low socio-economic status (SES) were 15 times (odds ratio (OR): 14.51, 95% CI: 1.69-124.41), whose jobs were adversely affected were seven times (OR: 7.21, CI: 1.54-33.80), who had no health security were six times (OR: 6.00, CI: 2.02-17.81) and who underwent any intervention were three times (OR: 3.24, CI: 1.03-10.16) more likely to have CHE compared to their counterparts. The coping strategies adopted by the participants were loans (41%), savings (14%), health insurance (8%) and a combination of the above (37%).
Interpretation & conclusions:
Our findings show that viable financing mechanism for treating ACS is warranted to prevent CHE particularly among low SES participants, those having no health security, requiring intervention procedures and those with adversely affected employment.
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An amperometric cholesterol biosensor based on epoxy resin membrane bound cholesterol oxidase
CS Pundir, Jagriti Narang, Nidhi Chauhan, Preety Sharma, Renu Sharma
October 2012, 136(4):633-640
PMID
:23168704
Background & objectives:
The use of epoxy resin membrane as a support for immobilization of enzyme has resulted into improved sensitivity and stability of biosensors for uric acid, ascorbic acid and polyphenols. The present work was aimed to prepare an improved amperometric biosensor for determination of serum cholesterol required in the diagnostics and management of certain pathological conditions.
Methods:
Epoxy resin membrane with immobilized cholesterol oxidase was mounted on the cleaned platinum (Pt) electrode with a parafilm to construct a working electrode. This working electrode along with Ag/AgCl as reference and Ag wire as an auxiliary electrode were connected through a three terminal electrometer to construct a cholesterol biosensor.
Results:
The sensor showed optimum response within 25 sec at
p
H 7.0 and 45°C. The linear working range of biosensor was 1.0 to 8.0 mM cholesterol. K
m
and I
max
for cholesterol were 5.0 mM and 9.09 μA, respectively. The biosensor measured serum cholesterol. The minimum detection limit of the sensor was 1.0 mM. The mean analytical recoveries of added cholesterol in serum (2.84 and 4.13 mM) were 91.4±2.8 and 92.3±3.1 per cent (n=6), respectively. Within and between assay coefficient of variation (CV) were <2 and <4 per cent, respectively. Biosensor had a storage life of 6 months at 4
o
C.
Interpretation & conclusions:
The use of epoxy resin membrane as a support for immobilization of cholesterol oxidase has resulted into an improved amperometric cholesterol biosensor. The present biosensor had an advantage over the existing biosensors as it worked at comparatively lower potential.
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ARTICLES
Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Indian scenario
V Mohan, S Sandeep, R Deepa, B Shah, C Varghese
October 2012, 136(4):705-718
Full text not available
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Implication of DNA repair genes in prostate tumourigenesis in Indian males
Anju Bansal, Abha Soni, Punita Rao, LC Singh, Ashwani Kumar Mishra, NK Mohanty, Sunita Saxena
October 2012, 136(4):622-632
PMID
:23168703
Background & objectives:
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the fifth most common cancer among Indian men. Tumour protein p53 (
TP53
) gene increases the fidelity of DNA replication and homologous recombination by transcriptional transactivation of mismatch repair (MMR) genes. DNA repair thus has a potential role in molecular carcinogenesis of CaP. The aim of the present study was to identify mutations, and polymorphisms in
TP53
gene and MMR protein expression in CaP in Indian male population.
Methods:
TP53
codon 72 polymorphism was analysed in 105 CaP, 120 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cases and 106 normal controls. Mutational analysis of
TP53
was done in DNA extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue of 80 CaP and 24 BPH cases. Expression of MMR proteins
viz.
hMLH1, hMSH2, hPMS1 and hPMS2 was studied in 80 CaP, 15 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and 15 BPH cases.
Results:
A somatic C/A variation at the intronic boundary of exon 7 in
TP53
gene was observed in one each biopsy samples from CaP and BPH. A significant association of codon 72
TP53 Pro/Pro
genotype was observed with the risk of CaP (OR, 2.59,
P
=0.02) and BPH (OR, 6.27,
P
<0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis of MMR proteins showed maximum loss of hPMS1 expression in cases of CaP and PIN while no loss in expression of MMR proteins was observed in BPH cases. The study also identified a significant loss of hPMS2 protein in poorly differentiated tumours (Gleason score >7) than in well differentiated tumours (Gleason score 3-6) (
P
<0.05).
Interpretation & conclusions:
The results of the present study demonstrate that
TP53
codon 72 polymorphism plays significant role in the pathogenesis and susceptibility to CaP and BPH. Also, an aberrant MMR protein expression could be involved in progression of prostate cancer through PIN, early CaP to aggressive CaP. The loss of hPMS2 protein expression may serve as a marker for progression of CaP.
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Molecular epidemiology of
Vibrio cholerae
causing outbreaks & sporadic cholera in northern India
Neelam Taneja, Garima Sangar, Goutam Chowdhury, T Ramamurthy, Arti Mishra, Meenakshi Singh, Meera Sharma
October 2012, 136(4):656-663
PMID
:23168707
Background & objectives:
Several outbreaks of cholera have been reported in Chandigarh region during a span of seven years from 2002-2008. The genetic characteristics of
Vibrio cholerae
isolates obtained during these outbreaks have not been adequately studied. The aim of this study was to do molecular typing of
V. cholerae
isolated from the sporadic and outbreak cases by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), Rep-PCR and ribotyping.
Methods:
Fifty representative isolates of
V. cholerae
from outbreak as well as sporadic cases were subjected to molecular typing by PFGE, 173 isolates (163 clinical and 10 environmental) were typed by rep-PCR and ribotyping. Ribotyping was done by determination of rRNA restriction pattern of
Bgl
I restriction digestion and hybridization with 7.2 kb rRNA probe of pKK3535 plasmid using DIG DNA labelling and detection kit. Universal VC1 primer was used for rep-PCR.
Results:
PFGE generated 15 pulsotypes, of which four matched the published pulsotypes and there were 11 new pulsotypes. PFGE was the most discriminatory method that could differentiate between isolates belonging to single ribotype. Pulsotype P1 corresponding to known pulsotype H1 was the major pulsotype till 2003. Pulsotype P3 corresponding to known pulsotype L emerged in 2004. The 2007 outbreaks in Punjab and Haryana were caused by P5 though P1 and P3 were isolated from the sporadic cases from the same region. The 2008 outbreak was caused by pulsotypes P6 and P7. Ribotype IV was the most predominant followed by RIII. This ribotype was not isolated after 2003 and ribotype IV became the most predominant 2004 onwards. Of the two unknown ribotypes (UNI and UN2), UNI was more common (27 isolates). Rep-PCR was the least discriminatory and divided all clinical isolates into four major profiles. The dendrogram analysis of PFGE revealed similarity of some clinical isolates with environmental isolates indicating the genetic relatedness.
Interpretation & conclusion:
Our findings showed that Rep-PCR was least discriminatory method. Ribotyping was a reliable and reproducible method. Ribotype IV was predominant ribotype followed by RIII. A total of 15 pulsotypes were generated and 11 of these were not reported earlier. Genetic relatedness was shown by clinical and environmental isolates which needs to be confirmed in future studies.
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Analysis of
p53
, K-
ras
gene mutation &
Helicobacter pylori
infection in patients with gastric cancer & peptic ulcer disease at a tertiary care hospital in north India
Ashish Saxena, Sanket Kumar Shukla, Kashi Nath Prasad, Uday Chand Ghoshal
October 2012, 136(4):664-670
PMID
:23168708
Background & objectives:
Mutations in the oncogene and tumour suppressor genes play an important role in carcinogenesis. We investigated the association of
p53
and
K-ras
gene mutation and
Helicobacter pylori
infection in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) attending a tertiary care hospital in north India.
Methods:
In total, 348 adult patients [62 GC, 45 PUD and 241 non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD)] who underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled.
H. pylori
infection was diagnosed by rapid urease test, culture, histopathology and PCR. Mutation in the exon 5-8 of p53 gene was analyzed by PCR-single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and confirmed by sequence analysis.
K-ras
gene codon 12 mutation was analyzed by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Results:
Overall p53 gene mutation was found in 4.6 per cent of the study population, and its distribution in GC, PUD and NUD was 21, 4.4 and 0.4 per cent, respectively.
p53
gene mutation was significantly higher in patients with GC than PUD (
P
<0.05) and NUD (
P
<0.001). No difference in
p53
gene mutation was observed between
H. pylori
infected and non-infected individuals. K-
ras
gene mutation was absent in all the patients.
Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results show that
p53
gene mutation may be associated with gastric carcinogenesis independent to
H. pylori
infection and absence of K-
ras
gene mutation questions its role in the pathogenesis of GC and PUD in Indian patients.
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EDITORIAL
Depression: a major public health problem in need of a multi-sectoral response
KS Jacob
October 2012, 136(4):537-539
PMID
:23168691
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ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Outbreak of dengue virus serotype-2 (DENV-2) of Cambodian origin in Manipur, India - Association with meteorological factors
T Sankari, SL Hoti, Th Bhubonchandra Singh, J Shanmugavel
October 2012, 136(4):649-655
PMID
:23168706
Background & objectives:
Dengue is a major health problem in many parts of India and its neighbouring countries. Dengue cases have not been reported from Manipur, a northeastern State of India till 2007. But, the sudden outbreak of fever with febrile illness during 2007 and 2008, suspected to be dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever was investigated to detect the causative agent. Potential impact of climatic variables on dengue transmission has been documented and hence the association between climatic factors, entomological parameters and dengue cases was also analysed.
Methods:
Forty two and 16 blood samples were collected from patients suspected to have dengue infection in the year 2007 and 2008, respectively. Viral RNA was extracted from serum samples and subjected to multiplex one step RT-PCR assay. Dengue specific amplicons were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was carried out. Multiyear trend analysis and 't' test were performed for the comparison of different meteorological variables between the years 2000-2004 and 2005-2008.
Results:
The aetiological agent was found to be DENV-2 and the phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate was similar to that of Cambodian isolate. There was a significant difference in minimum temperature (
P
<0.05), Relative humidity - morning hours (
P
<0.001), relative humanity - afternoon hours (
P
<0.01) and cumulative precipitation (
P<
0.05) between the years 2000-2004 and 2005-2008.
Interpretation & conclusions:
The sudden outbreak of dengue fever in Manipur State occurred was possibly due to the increased temperature, relative humidity and decrease in cumulative precipitation. These climatic factors would have contributed to the Aedes mosquito abundance and increased virus transmission. Proper diseases surveillance system integrated with meteorological warning system and management of vector breeding sites will prevent such outbreaks in future.
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A pilot study on short term heart rate variability & its correlation with disease activity in Indian patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Raj Kumar Yadav, Rajiva Gupta, Kishore Kumar Deepak
October 2012, 136(4):593-598
PMID
:23168699
Background & objectives:
Cardiovascular complications may lead to mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We assessed heart rate variability (HRV), an important autonomic function, to quantify the risk for cardiovascular complications in Indian patients with RA.
Methods:
The study was carried out in RA patients (n=45) diagnosed as per American College of Rheumatology criteria and healthy controls. HRV recording and analysis was done using Nevrokard software using time and frequency domain analyses. The overall autonomic tone, parasympathetic drive, sympathetic drive and sympatho-vagal ratio were quantified by using various parameters. It included standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of successive differences between adjoining normal cycles (SDSD), root-mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and number of R-R intervals differing by >50 ms from adjacent intervals (NN50) in the time domain analysis. In frequency domain analysis, low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF), LF/HF and total power were assessed.
Results:
Demographic profile was comparable between groups; however, systolic BP was higher in patients with RA. SDNN, SDSD, RMSSD, NN50, LF and HF power and total power (ms x ms) were significantly lower in patients with RA
versus
healthy controls (
P
<0.001). Disease activity score at 28 joints indicating severity of the disease was significantly and positively correlated with SDSD (r
=
0.375, R
2
=14.06;
P
=0.045) while LF and HF power (ms × ms) were significantly and inversely correlated with rheumatoid factor (r=-0.438 and -0.445; R
2
=19.1 and 19.8;
P
=0.017 and 0.016, respectively).
Interpretation & conclusions:
HRV was significantly altered in patients with RA and independently associated with disease activity. Hence autonomic function testing, using HRV, may be useful as part of cardiovascular risk assessment in these patients.
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Association between polymorphisms at N-acetyltransferase 1 (
NAT1
) & risk of oral leukoplakia & cancer
Mousumi Majumder, Saurabh Ghosh, Bidyut Roy
October 2012, 136(4):605-613
PMID
:23168701
Background & objectives:
N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2 (NAT1 and NAT2) are important enzymes for metabolism of tobacco carcinogens. Due to polymorphisms, improper activities of these enzymes might lead to the formation of DNA adducts that may modulate risk of tobacco related oral precancer and cancer. Previously, it was shown that
NAT2
polymorphisms did not modulate the risk of oral precancer and cancer. We undertook this study to check whether polymorphisms at
NAT1
can modulate the risk of oral leukoplakia and cancer either alone or in combination with
NAT2
.
Methods:
Genotypes at four SNPs on
NAT1
were determined by TaqMan method in 389 controls, 224 leukoplakia and 310 cancer patients. Genotype data were analyzed to know haplotypes and acetylation status of individuals and, then to estimate the risk of diseases. Using our previously published
NAT2
data, combination of
NAT1
and
NAT2
acetylation genotypes of patients and controls were also analyzed to estimate the risk of diseases.
Results:
Analysis of
NAT1
genotype data revealed that
1088T
and
1095C
alleles exist in strong linkage disequilibrium (r
2
=0.97,
P
<0.0001) and SNPs are in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (
P
=0.1). Wild type or normal acetylating and variant or rapid acetylating alleles were two major alleles (frequencies 0.62 and 0.36, respectively) present in the control population. NAT1 rapid acetylation could not modulate the risk of leukoplakia and cancer (OR=0.9, 95% CI: 0.6-1.3; OR=1.0, 95% CI: 0.7-1.4, respectively). Analysis of combined NAT1 and NAT2 acetylating data also showed no significant enhancement of the risk of diseases.
Interpretation & conclusions:
NAT1
rapid acetylation alone as well as combination of NAT1 rapid-NAT2 slow acetylation did not modulate the risk of oral precancer and cancer in our patient population. So, NAT1/NAT2 metabolized carcinogen products may not be involved in tobacco related oral precancer and cancer. It may be interpreted that large sample size as well as combination of polymorphisms at other candidate loci may be important to estimate the risk of a complex disease like oral cancer.
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Resolution of immune response by recombinant transforming growth factor-beta (rTGF-β) during influenza A virus infection
Vikram Srivastava, Madhu Khanna, Sonal Sharma, Binod Kumar
October 2012, 136(4):641-648
PMID
:23168705
Background & objectives:
Replication of influenza A virus in the respiratory tract leads to cell damage and liberation of cytokines and chemokines. The
in vivo
cytokine induction and modulation by recombinant transforming growth factor- β1 (rTGF-β1) has not been studied. Therefore, in the present study the effect of rTGF-β1, a potent immunomodulatory cytokine which has anti-inflammatory properties and downregulates the release of inflammatory molecules, against influenza-virus infection in the airway of mice was investigated.
Methods:
rTGF-β1 was administered intravenously to mice with concomitant intranasal infection of influenza A/Udorn/317/72 (H3N2) virus, and the survival rate, virus titre, histopathological changes and levels of factors regulating inflammation in the airway fluid were analysed.
Result:
The immune response to influenza A virus was characterized by an influx of both macrophages and lymphocytes into the lungs of the infected host. rTGF-β1 significantly suppressed virus multiplication and improved the survival rate of mice. rTGF-β1 downregulated infiltration of neutrophils and the release of inflammatory molecules, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and stimulated release of IL-10 that potentiates anti-inflammatory response into airway.
Interpretation & conclusions:
A generalized pulmonary inflammation does not contribute to viral clearance but represents an immunological background within which antiviral immunity operates. Treatment with rTGF-β1 reduced macrophage count and neutrophils influx in lungs of infected mice.
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Factors affecting 30-month survival in lung cancer patients
PA Mahesh, S Archana, BS Jayaraj, Shekar Patil, SK Chaya, HP Shashidhar, BS Sunitha, AK Prabhakar
October 2012, 136(4):614-621
PMID
:23168702
Background & objectives:
Age adjusted incidence rate of lung cancer in India ranges from 7.4 to 13.1 per 100,000 among males and 3.9 to 5.8 per 100,000 among females. The factors affecting survival in lung cancer patients in India are not fully understood. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the factors affecting survival in patients diagnosed with lung cancer attending a tertiary care cancer institute in Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Methods:
Consecutive patients with primary lung cancer attending Bangalore Institute of Oncology, a tertiary care centre at Bangalore, between 2006 and 2009 were included. Demographic, clinical, radiological data were collected retrospectively from the medical records.
Results:
A total of 170 consecutive subjects (128 males, 42 females) diagnosed to have lung cancer; 151 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 19 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were included. A higher proportion of never-smokers (54.1%) were observed, mostly presenting below the age of 60 yr. Most subjects were in stage IV and III at the time of diagnosis. More than 50 per cent of patients presented with late stage lung cancer even though the duration of symptoms is less than 2 months. The 30-month overall survival rates for smokers and never-smokers were 32 and 49 per cent, respectively. No significant differences were observed in 30 month survival based on age at presentation, gender and type of lung cancer. Cox proportional hazards model identified never-smokers and duration of symptoms less than 1 month as factors adversely affecting survival.
Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results showed that lung cancer in Indians involved younger subjects and associated with poorer survival as compared to other ethnic population. Studies on large sample need to be done to evaluate risk factors in lung cancer patients.
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CORRESPONDENCES
Candida parapsilosis
: an emerging fungal pathogen
Rakesh Singh, SC Parija
October 2012, 136(4):671-673
PMID
:23168709
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1,082
448
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EDITORIAL & (COMMENT BY V.M. KATOCH)
Three decades of ICSSR-ICMR Committee Report & the re-assertion of social determinants of health
KR Nayar
October 2012, 136(4):540-543
PMID
:23168692
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1,123
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BOOK REVIEWS
Global Tuberculosis Control 2011, WHO Report 2011
D Behera
October 2012, 136(4):681-683
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973
343
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CORRESPONDENCES
Daptomycin susceptibility of methicillin resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA)
Rajneet Kaur, Vikas Gautam, Pallab Ray, Gagandeep Singh, Lipika Singhal, Rupinder Tiwari
October 2012, 136(4):676-677
PMID
:23168711
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906
408
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Resistance to ceftriaxone in
Vibrio cholerae
Jharna Mandal, V Preethi, R Vasanthraja, S Srinivasan, Subhash Chandra Parija
October 2012, 136(4):674-675
PMID
:23168710
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845
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COMMENTARIES
Association of cardiovascular risks with sympathovagal imbalance in rheumatoid arthritis
GK Pal
October 2012, 136(4):547-548
PMID
:23168694
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820
311
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Financial risk protection & chronic disease care
Sakthivel Selvaraj, SV Subramanian
October 2012, 136(4):544-546
PMID
:23168693
[FULL TEXT]
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758
343
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BOOK REVIEWS
Monogenic hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia disorders
Anil Bhansali
October 2012, 136(4):685-685
PMID
:23168715
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729
321
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CLINICAL IMAGES
Brucellar joint involvement presented with chest pain
Oguz Karabay, Hasan Tahsin Gozdas
October 2012, 136(4):680-680
PMID
:23168714
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[PubMed]
675
311
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ERRATUM
Erratum
October 2012, 136(4):687-687
PMID
:23168716
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[PubMed]
551
293
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BOOK REVIEWS
Mouse as a model organism - From animals to cells
NV Giridharan
October 2012, 136(4):683-684
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568
271
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CORRESPONDENCES
Subcutaneous cysticercosis identified in chest radiography
Viroj Wiwanitkit
October 2012, 136(4):678-678
PMID
:23168712
[FULL TEXT]
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[EPub]
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475
265
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IJMR CLASSIC
Studies on Shri Ramanand Yogi during his stay in an air-tight box
October 2012, 136(4):691-698
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360
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CORRESPONDENCES
Authors' response
B Siddhartha Kumar, Alladi Mohan
October 2012, 136(4):678-679
PMID
:23168713
[FULL TEXT]
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439
226
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ARTICLES
Evidence for HTLV-III infection in prostitutes in Tamil Nadu (India)
October 2012, 136(4):701-704
Full text not available
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393
258
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RETRACTION
Retraction
,
October 2012, 136(4):685-685
PMID
:23168715
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369
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SOME FORTHCOMING SCIENTIFIC EVENTS
Some Forthcoming Scientific Events
October 2012, 136(4):686-687
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210
265
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MOST CITED ARTICLES
Most Cited Article
October 2012, 136(4):699-700
Full text not available
[PDF]
80
207
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