Indian Journal of Medical Research

Multicenter evaluation of individual donor nucleic acid testing (NAT) for simultaneous detection of human immunodeficiency virus -1 & hepatitis B & C viruses in Indian blood donors
RN Makroo, N Choudhury, L Jagannathan, M Parihar-Malhotra, V Raina, RK Chaudhary, N Marwaha, NK Bhatia, AK Ganguly
February 2008, 127(2):140-147
PMID:18403791

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Diagnosis of common mental disorders by using PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire
A Avasthi, Subash C Varma, P Kulhara, R Nehra, S Grover, S Sharma
February 2008, 127(2):159-164
PMID:18403794

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Evaluation of nuclear DNA damage in human spermatozoa in men opting for assisted reproduction
MB Shamsi, R Kumar, R Dada
February 2008, 127(2):115-123
PMID:18403788

Diagnosis of sperm DNA integrity of semen sample is important for consistently high reproductive efficiency. The conventional parameters of semen analysis take into account morphology, motility, and concentration of spermatozoa in the sample, which are insufficient for evaluation of reproductive potential. Current studies have implicated abnormal organization of genomic material in sperms as a probable cause in 20 per cent cases of male infertility. This is especially important in the era of assisted reproduction technique (ART) when a majority of infertile couples opt for assisted reproduction and in where cases DNA integrity is a better diagnostic and prognostic marker as compared to routine semen analysis. This article reviews and discusses some of the current techniques employed for evaluating chromatin structure or DNA damage in spermatozoa. These different techniques include single cell gel electrophoresis (COMET assay), Terminal tranferase dUTP Nick End Labelling (TUNEL), sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), In situ nick translation (ISNT) and acridine orange test. These techniques are independent measure of sperm quality and assist in semen quality assessment by detecting defects in DNA integrity or chromatin structure. The discussed techniques vary in their level of accuracy, cost input, sophistication of analysis and their application depends upon the sensitivity required for analysis. The article also briefly outlines the DNA packaging and the causes of DNA damage in spermatozoa. During chromatin packing 85 per cent of the histones are replaced by protamine while the residual histones act as marker of genes which are expressed in early embryonic development. Among the different aetiological factors observed to be responsible for DNA damage in human spermatozoa increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress is highly correlated with greater DNA fragmentation index (DFI). Oxidative stress leads to single and double strand breaks in sperm DNA. Apoptosis and abnormal chromatin packing also contribute to DNA damage. The significance of chromatin structure studies is more stressed owing to the greater awareness to transmission of genetic diseases because of higher incidence of gene imprinting defects, increased cancer frequency and other congenital and non-congenital defects in children conceived through assisted reproduction techniques.

[ABSTRACT] Full text not available [PDF] [PubMed]

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Impact Factor of the IJMR : what more we really need?
PR Mohapatra, B Mishra
February 2008, 127(2):198-199
PMID:18403801

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Statement on publishing clinical trials in Indian biomedical journals
K Satyanarayana, A Sharma, P Parikh, VK Vijayan, DK Sahu, Barun K Nayak, RK Gulati, Mahendra N Parikh, Prati Pal Singh, SB Bavdekar, U Sreehari, P Sahni
February 2008, 127(2):104-105
PMID:18403785

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Screening for Y-chromosome microdeletions in infertile Indian males : utility of simplified multiplex PCR
A Mitra, R Dada, R Kumar, NP Gupta, K Kucheria, SK Gupta
February 2008, 127(2):124-132
PMID:18403789

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Antimicrobial activities of four Tunisian Chrysanthemum species
Ahlem Ben Sassi, F Harzallah-Skhiri, N Bourgougnon, M Aouni
February 2008, 127(2):183-192
PMID:18403798

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Evaluation of CIVA agar for rapid detection of extended spectrum beta- lactamases (ESBL) among isolates of Enterobacteriaceae
S Baby Padmini, B Appala Raju
February 2008, 127(2):195-197
PMID:18403800

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Chemokine profile among human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected individuals from southern India
S Ramalingam, R Kannangai, OC Abraham, S Subramanian, P Rupali, SA Pulimood, Mary V Jesudason, G Sridharan
February 2008, 127(2):133-139
PMID:18403790

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Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae ophthalmic, systemic & commensal isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis & ribotyping
Upendra K Kar, G Satpathy, BK Das, SK Panda
February 2008, 127(2):171-177
PMID:18403796

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Challenges in identifying genetic risk factors for common multifactorial disorders
Shubha R Phadke
February 2008, 127(2):106-109
PMID:18403786

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Chemokines in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
A Giovannetti, M Pierdominici
February 2008, 127(2):110-113
PMID:18403787

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Potantial utility of disulfiram against leishmaniasis
MR Namazi
February 2008, 127(2):193-194
PMID:18403799

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Effect of single oral dose of sodium rabeprazole on the intragastric pH & volume in patients undergoing elective surgery
A Hussain, Abdul Hamid Al-Saeed, Syed Shahid Habib
February 2008, 127(2):165-170
PMID:18403795

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Commitment among state health officials & its implications for health sector reform : lessons from Gujarat
S Maheshwari, R Bhat, S Saha
February 2008, 127(2):148-153
PMID:18403792

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Brucellosis in humans and animals
Elizabeth Mathai
February 2008, 127(2):201-202

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Trends and research in viral hepatitis
YK Chawla
February 2008, 127(2):200-201

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Identification of Anopheles fauna in a hyperendemic falciparum area of Orissa State, India
SS Sahu, K Gunasekaran, P Jambulingam, N Krishnamoorthy
February 2008, 127(2):178-182
PMID:18403797

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Plasma homocysteine levels & 677C-->T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism in patients with coronary artery disease of different severity
F Rassoul, V Richter, B Hentschel, J Geisel, W Herrmann, T Kuntze
February 2008, 127(2):154-158
PMID:18403793

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Management of patients with high sperm DNA damage
SI Moskovtsev
February 2008, 127(2):101-103
PMID:18403784

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Form IV

February 2008, 127(2):205-205

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Announcement

February 2008, 127(2):204-204

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Some forthcoming scientific events

February 2008, 127(2):203-203

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