Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients

Gururaj Rao Deshpande; Gajanan N Sapkal; Bipin N Tilekar; Pragya D Yadav; Yogesh Gurav; Shivshankar Gaikwad; Himanshu Kaushal; Ketki S Deshpande; Ojas Kaduskar; Prasad Sarkale; Srikant Baradkar; Annasaheb Suryawanshi; Rajen Lakra; AP Sugunan; Anukumar Balakrishnan; Priya Abraham; Pavan Salve

doi:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2382_20

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Year : 2020 | Volume : 152 | Issue : 1 | Page : 82-87

Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients

Gururaj Rao Deshpande¹, Gajanan N Sapkal¹, Bipin N Tilekar¹, Pragya D Yadav², Yogesh Gurav³, Shivshankar Gaikwad¹, Himanshu Kaushal⁴, Ketki S Deshpande¹, Ojas Kaduskar¹, Prasad Sarkale², Srikant Baradkar², Annasaheb Suryawanshi², Rajen Lakra², AP Sugunan⁵, Anukumar Balakrishnan⁵, Priya Abraham¹, Pavan Salve⁶
¹ Diagnostic Virology Group, Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Pune, Maharashtra, India
² Maximum Containment Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
³ Epidemiology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
⁴ Influenza Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
⁵ ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Kerala Unit, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
⁶ Medical Department, Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Correspondence Address:
Gajanan N Sapkal
Sapkal, Diagnostic Virology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411 021, Maharashtra
India

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

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DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2382_20

Background & objectives: The global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has challenged public health system worldwide due to the unavailability of approved preventive and therapeutic options. Identification of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and understanding their role is important. However, the data on kinetics of NAb response among COVID-19 patients are unclear. To understand the NAb response in COVID-19 patients, we compared the findings of microneutralization test (MNT) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for the SARS-CoV-2. Further, the kinetics of NAb response among COVID-19 patients was assessed. Methods: A total of 343 blood samples (89 positive, 58 negative for SARS-CoV-2 and 17 cross-reactive and 179 serum from healthy individuals) were collected and tested by MNT and PRNT. SARS-CoV-2 virus was prepared by propagating the virus in Vero CCL-81 cells. The intra-class correlation was calculated to assess the correlation between MNT and PRNT. The neutralizing endpoint as the reduction in the number of plaque count by 90 per cent (PRNT₉₀) was also calculated. Results: The analysis of MNT and PRNT quantitative results indicated that the intra-class correlation was 0.520. Of the 89 confirmed COVID-19 patients, 64 (71.9%) showed NAb response. Interpretation & conclusions: The results of MNT and PRNT were specific with no cross-reactivity. In the early stages of infection, the NAb response was observed with variable antibody kinetics. The neutralization assays can be used for titration of NAb in recovered/vaccinated or infected COVID-19 patients.

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Antibody kinetics - COVID-19 - MNT - neutralizing antibody response - PRNT - SARS-CoV-2

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