Development of indigenous IgG ELISA for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG

Gajanan Sapkal; Anita Shete-Aich; Rajlaxmi Jain; Pragya D Yadav; Prasad Sarkale; Rajen Lakra; Srikant Baradkar; Gururaj Rao Deshpande; Deepak Mali; Bipin N Tilekar; Triparna Majumdar; Himanshu Kaushal; Yogesh Gurav; Nivedita Gupta; Sreelekshmy Mohandas; Ketki Deshpande; Ojas Kaduskar; Malvika Salve; Savita Patil; Shivshankar Gaikwad; AP Sugunan; M Ashok; Sidhartha Giri; Jayanthi Shastri; Priya Abraham; Raman R Gangakhedkar; COVID Support Team

doi:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2232_20

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Year : 2020 | Volume : 151 | Issue : 5 | Page : 444-449

Development of indigenous IgG ELISA for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG

Gajanan Sapkal¹, Anita Shete-Aich², Rajlaxmi Jain², Pragya D Yadav², Prasad Sarkale², Rajen Lakra², Srikant Baradkar², Gururaj Rao Deshpande¹, Deepak Mali², Bipin N Tilekar¹, Triparna Majumdar², Himanshu Kaushal³, Yogesh Gurav⁴, Nivedita Gupta⁵, Sreelekshmy Mohandas², Ketki Deshpande¹, Ojas Kaduskar¹, Malvika Salve², Savita Patil², Shivshankar Gaikwad¹, AP Sugunan⁶, M Ashok⁷, Sidhartha Giri⁵, Jayanthi Shastri⁸, Priya Abraham⁹, Raman R Gangakhedkar⁵, COVID Support Team¹⁰
¹ Diagnostic Virology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
² Maximum Containment Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
³ Human Influenza Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
⁴ Epidemiology Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
⁵ Division of Epidemiology & Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
⁶ ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Kerala Unit, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
⁷ ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Bangalore Unit, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
⁸ Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
⁹ ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Correspondence Address:
Pragya D Yadav
Maximum Containment Laboratory, Maximum Containment Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Sus Road, Pashan, Pune 411 021, Maharashtra
India

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

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DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2232_20

Background & objectives: Since the beginning of the year 2020, the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) impacted humankind adversely in almost all spheres of life. The virus belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus of the family Coronaviridae. SARS-CoV-2 causes the disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with mild-to-severe respiratory illness. The currently available diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of COVID-19 are mainly based on molecular assays. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is the only diagnostic method currently recommended by the World Health Organization for COVID-19. With the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to utilize other tests, which would determine the burden of the disease as well as the spread of the outbreak. Considering the need for the development of such a screening test, an attempt was made to develop and evaluate an IgG-based ELISA for COVID-19. Methods: A total of 513 blood samples (131 positive, 382 negative for SARS-CoV-2) were collected and tested by microneutralization test (MNT). Antigen stock of SARS-CoV-2 was prepared by propagating the virus in Vero CCL-81 cells. An IgG capture ELISA was developed for serological detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in serum samples. The end point cut-off values were determined by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Inter-assay variability was determined. Results: The developed ELISA was found to be 92.37 per cent sensitive, 97.9 per cent specific, robust and reproducible. The positive and negative predictive values were 94.44 and 98.14 per cent, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions: This indigenously developed IgG ELISA was found to be sensitive and specific for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in human serum samples. This assay may be used for determining seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in a population exposed to the virus.

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COVID-19 - diagnosis - ELISA - human - IgG antibodies - microneutralization test - SARS-CoV-2 - standardization

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